Open-ended vs Fixed-term Tenancy in Finland
Many tenants in Finland wonder how open-ended (toistaiseksi) and fixed-term (määräaikainen) tenancy agreements differ in practice and what each type means for rent, termination and repairs. This article explains in simple terms the main differences between the two agreement types, when a landlord or tenant can terminate an agreement, and practical tips for preventing disputes and keeping documentation. The guidance is based on Finnish legislation and official recommendations and is intended for everyday situations without complex legal jargon. If you need more detailed legal help, the article advises how to seek support from authorities and where to submit documents.
What is the difference between open-ended and fixed-term agreements?
An open-ended tenancy continues until either party terminates it according to agreed notice periods. A fixed-term tenancy ends on the agreed date without termination unless otherwise agreed. In both types, tenants and landlords have responsibilities regarding rent payment, maintenance and access to the dwelling.
When the agreement is open-ended
In an open-ended agreement the notice period is usually set in the contract or by law, and landlords have stricter grounds for termination. Rent increases and other changes must typically be communicated in writing and justified.
- Give written notice and keep a copy (notice).
- Record rent payments and request receipts (rent).
- Report defects and repair needs in writing to the landlord (repair).
When the agreement is fixed-term
A fixed-term contract binds both parties for the agreed period. Early termination may require mutual agreement, contractual penalties or legal grounds. If continuation or termination is not specified, the contract expires at the end of the term.
If a dispute arises
Before litigation, try negotiation and document all messages, payments and repair requests. If negotiation fails, you can seek advice or file a complaint with authorities or a consumer dispute board.
- Collect evidence: photos, messages and receipts (evidence).
- Send a written notice to the landlord and request a response within a deadline (notice).
- If unresolved, consider district court or dispute board procedures (court).
FAQ
- Can a fixed-term agreement end before the agreed date?
- Generally a fixed-term agreement binds the parties, but the contract may include terms for early termination or the parties may agree to terminate.
- How is a rent increase done according to law?
- The landlord usually must notify the tenant in writing and justify the increase according to the contract or legislation; see the law for details.[1]
- Where do I turn if repairs are neglected?
- First notify the landlord in writing, and if necessary seek help from authorities or the consumer dispute board.[2]
How to act
- Write and deliver a written notice to the landlord (notice).
- Save evidence: messages, payment receipts and photos (evidence).
- Contact advisory services if needed (contact).
- Seek resolution from the consumer dispute board or take the matter to court if problems persist (court).
Help and Support
- Finlex (contact): legislation and legal archive
- Oikeus.fi (contact): court services and forms
- KKV (contact): consumer advice and guidance
