Tenant water charge: estimate vs meter in Finland
As a tenant in Finland it is important to understand how water charges are determined and the difference between billing based on estimates and billing based on the apartment's own meter readings. This article explains the practical difference, tenant rights and obligations, and how to act if a bill seems incorrect or unfair. We explain when a housing company or landlord may use estimates, what meter readings mean and how to request a review or correction. We use examples and step-by-step guidance so you can protect your interests and, if necessary, seek a resolution from official authorities in Finland. We also advise what written evidence to collect, how to track meter readings and when to contact the KKV or seek help from the courts. The article also includes frequently asked questions and practical instructions for filing a complaint.
How water charges are determined
Water charges can be based on the housing company's or landlord's estimate or the apartment's own water meter. According to law, the basis for charges and contract terms affect which method may be used, and the tenant has the right to receive an explanation of billing grounds[1].
- An estimated charge is often based on a shared consumption estimate rather than the apartment's own meter (rent), which can lead to inaccuracies.
- Meter-based billing follows actual consumption and is based on the apartment's own meter readings (water), so the bill reflects usage habits.
- Billing frequency and breakdown affect predictability; some housing companies bill monthly, others annually (calendar).
If the bill seems wrong
If a water bill appears excessive, ask the landlord or housing company for an explanation and itemization. Record meter readings and take photos as evidence. You can request recalculation or correction, and if necessary refer the matter to official bodies such as the Consumer Authority or the courts.
FAQ
- Who usually pays the water charge?
- The payer of the water charge is determined by the lease agreement, housing company practice and any contract terms; the tenant usually pays the rent and the agreed water compensation.
- Can a landlord suddenly switch from meter-based billing to estimates?
- A change typically requires a contract amendment or a clear justification; it is advisable to discuss the change and request written clarification.
- What to do if the bill is clearly incorrect?
- Collect meter readings and other evidence, contact the landlord in writing and, if necessary, bring the matter to the KKV or the courts.
How-To: how to complain about a water bill
- Gather evidence: the latest meter readings, photos and previous bills (evidence).
- Contact the landlord or property manager in writing and request an itemization and correction (contact).
- If the issue is not resolved, file a written complaint with the KKV or take the matter to court as needed (file).
Help and Support
- Finlex: Act on Residential Leases (481/1995)
- Oikeus.fi: court services and guidance
- KKV: Consumer guidance and advice
